Saturday, October 24, 2009
Thursday, October 15, 2009
I Had A Lot To Say
I had a drink the other day,
Opinions were like kittens, I was giving them away.
I had a lot to say.
And I said, you will come down soon too. You will come down,
Too soon…Soon enough you will come down, you’ll come down
So what exactly does that mean? And more specifically, why did I choose it as the title of my blog? Well, the first question is stupid. I don’t know and I don’t think anybody besides Isaac Brock knows. So who cares. The second question does need some elaboration. I guess the simple answer is I just really like that line. But that’s a boring answer. Let’s actually try and apply it to what I’ve written so far.
How are opinions like kittens? Well, the simile is rather apt when taking into account my style of thought and writing. Kittens are cute, cuddly animals that aren’t really a threat to anyone. The same is true for my opinions. I try to make them as inoffensive as possible (if you’re pointing at the Chess article, you misunderstood the article!). This fits with the whole objective thing I’m trying to pursue.
This leads us to consider another possibility. Opinions aren’t like kittens at all. In the same sense, my opinions aren’t like opinions at all because they’re based around objective thought. Of course, I do present my actual opinions in various articles, but they are always labeled as opinions and are never the primary focus of the article.
So those are two interpretations, but the full line is “Opinions were like kittens, I was giving them away.” So I guess we should also address that second part. I am giving them away, as in, this blog is public and whatever I write is available for everyone to see. So my opinions that are like kittens (which means they are either inoffensive or not actually opinions) are being given away for everyone else to see (on this blog).
But it doesn’t have to be that simple. The line implies, especially in the delivery, that I’m giving them away because they are like kittens. So the other way to look at it is that since they are so inoffensive and objective, I’m not afraid to voice them and don’t care who sees them. My real opinions, the ones that aren’t like kittens, are actually offensive and I’m afraid to write them in public (I think all Ecuadorians should be slaughtered…oops!).
But we can’t end it there! Just look at the title of this article! We have to address that too! Well that just means I have a lot to say about the title of my blog. It also means that I’ve had a lot to say recently as seen by the number of articles I’ve published in the last few months. Lastly, it means that all of my articles are fairly long, which they are. Whenever I finish an article, I’m always surprised at how long it actually ends up, including this one (well, Universal Likeability was actually supposed to be longer). And so, these opinions are definitely like kittens which I’m giving away. And that’s all I have to say about that.
So I’ll take the remaining few sentences as required by contractual obligation of both the title of this blog and article to talk about the evolution of the blog. I’m pretty happy with how everything has turned out. It started out with me being overly concerned about my writing and my thoughts. I had three articles just talking about how pissed off I was at my own blog. Thankfully I’ve moved past that and am now just writing about whatever I feel like. But those ancient articles are still useful because they helped me realize that I don’t care what I write and how I write it as long as I do it, which has been the point of this blog all along.
I used to be afraid of people that I know reading this blog and how they would judge me. But I guess I’m not anymore because what I write here is who I actually am, to an extent. Now I actually wouldn’t mind if everyone I knew read these articles, because I think it will help everyone understand me better. I use the blog as a way to showcase my personality. God knows I don’t do a good job of that in person. And the unique thing is that I’m expressing myself without being overly personal. Of course everything I write is influenced by personal experiences, but I never go into the details because I don’t think they’re important to anyone, including me. My personality is expressed in both my writing and my style of writing. So that’s why my opinions are like kittens, because seriously, who doesn’t like kittens?
The answer is people that are allergic to them.
Universal Likeability
These people are of course all the philosophers and major thinkers that have ever existed. Yes, these people, who span the entire globe, the entire timeline of recorded human history, all have something to say about what motivates us. And while they offer a broad range of answers, there are three which seem to be ubiquitous. These three, loosely speaking or paraphrasing, are: self-interest, self-preservation, and quest for power.
Well now it all makes sense. All of my actions are obviously motivated by these principles. And so are everyone else's actions. So in my daydream where I had an enormous gain at your expense, it was done to a) maximize my security. You were a threatening figure that I needed to eliminate. Or perhaps it was because of the fact that b) I wanted your power. You were a powerful figure that I needed to eliminate so I could replace you as the dominant figure. But you know what, I really think it was that c) I was doing it out of my own self-interest. I fuckin felt like doing it.
And therein lies the problem with the assumption of self-interest. The phrase "humans do according to self-interest" in its strictest sense is wrong and in its loosest sense means nothing (anything in between also means nothing because it's a case of picking and choosing). Let's take the loosest approach to the phrase first. In this case, the phrase implies that humans beings do things because they want to do them. Their self-interest is synonymous with whatever they think they should do. Well of course this is the case! Why else would they do it? Let's take the example of me playing with some rocks. Why do I do it? Well, if I'm motivated by self-interest, I do it because I value doing it. That makes perfect sense, but we can't go anywhere from there. This loose interpretation of the phrase essentially means that a man who kills people and a man who saves them are motivated by the same thing. This statement is not only contradictory but useless. It is akin to saying that things sink in water because that's what they do. Oh, and things float on water because that's what they do too. Eureka! I can now solve every problem we face in science.
So what about the strict interpretation? Well in its strictest sense, self-interest implies that humans are selfish. We do things for our own benefit. But it can be seen that this is just completely wrong. Otherwise, institutions like the Salvation Army or Red Cross would not exist. Homeless people would never beg for money in the streets. Sure, you could say that donating whatever does serve a person's self-interest because they value the satisfaction of performing such an act more than not doing so. But then we're back to previous case and every hypothetical action can be justifiably be done in one's self-interest. To repeat, if the argument is that one man who donates money and one man who keeps it to himself are still obeying the law of self-interest because the two put different values on things, then what good is the assumption to begin with? What people value is precisely what the assumption that people do things in their own self-interest is trying to figure out!
That's all I have to say about self-interest, so let's move onto self-preservation. This seems almost too obvious to be true, and it is. While it's easy to say that we all want to survive and not want to die, it's not technically correct. In a previous article, I mentioned our DNA controlling us. Therefore, any survival instincts we possess come from our DNA, not "us." You may ask what the difference is between us and our DNA and to many biologists the answer is nothing. But I'm not so sure this is the case. "We" are granted the abilities to think, have emotions and feelings, and feel pleasure and pain. DNA has no access to these abilities. To our DNA, these things are just a means of surviving. But they certainly mean a lot more to "us." And this is precisely the problem with self-preservation: it's an aspect of our DNA, not us. This distinction is important because we are talking about assumptions that have the power to change the political landscape of the world. People are using humanity's desire for self-preservation to create laws for humanity. But humans are the only organisms that are not just a vessel for DNA (though are still fully influenced by it). I don't think the laws of society should depend on what is best for every single animal besides humans. Regardless, DNA operates on species preservation, not self-preservation. As long as you have kids, DNA couldn't care less about "you." All of the mechanisms that protect you from death (pain, intelligent thought, feedback systems) are only to protect you to until you have kids. Once this is accomplished, your body breaks down and becomes susceptible to all kinds of diseases such as cancer. Our mortality is made almost too obvious.
So if we're aware of the fact that a) all of our instincts for self preservation come from our DNA and b) we're all going to die anyway, then self-preservation doesn't seem all that important to a human individual. All other arguments for the preservation of an individual human are based on other assumptions about humanity that can be shot down just as easily. I'm trying to prove that we can't make assumptions about humanity. So when I say that self-preservation is not important, I'm NOT saying that we should all kill ourselves. I'm saying that self-preservation is not (and should not) be recognized by society as an innate characteristic of humanity (specifically, the human individual).
If this is not enough of a reason to rule out self-preservation as one of human nature's laws, we also have to address the fact the people are willing to defy it. Millions of people commit suicide every year, indicating that self-preservation is simply not very important to a lot of people in the world and has no place in societal laws.
Lastly, we have the assumption that everyone is on a quest for power. But this shares the same problems with self-preservation. Since more power increases self-preservation, the two are directly proportional, which of course means it is easily debunked by the above paragraphs (including additional ones, like the existence of meek individuals).
So, I think, we've effectively ruled out all of the potential laws of human nature. But this does not mean the philosophers who thought of them are idiots. Nor does it mean that I'm smarter than them. These laws were used to construct ideal societies. In truth, they have worked remarkably well in making the world more ideal. The point I'm trying to make is that since we are living in already developed societies, we no longer have to rely on assumptions of human nature. Therefore these ideas that tell us humans, at a fundamental level, display such simple behaviors as self-preservation or have vague preferences determined by self-interest are no longer necessary. We are fully aware of what we are and what we want. Even if we do want to analyze ourselves on a fundamental level, there's a strong chance we won't be able gather anything meaningful to because human behavior might just be too complex and patterns might not emerge. For example, if we were to conduct a highly detailed study of human behavior, one that could possibly "figure out" how the brain works, I would be pretty confident that the results from a large sample of people (the entire human population) would show very little correlation in their actions. To put it another way, any patterns shared by the thought processes of the entire human populace would be too complicated to ever analyze.
But that doesn't even matter. The fact is we have the capability to think for ourselves and decide what's best for society without taking into account the reason for our behaviors. I'm not saying that an exploration into human behavior is futile, but that as of this writing, everything about it stems from a wide variety of assumptions. The problems with these assumptions are growing the more we develop as a society. They are starting to show their flaws and we no longer need them.
Why? Well let's put it another way. The three assumptions mentioned so far (self-interest, self-preservation, wanting power) all tell us what humans would do. If you were to run a computer simulation of the world with the universe's best computer and assign humans these three attributes, along with a calculation for the forces of nature, we would be able to predict the future. Just as classical particle physics could predict the movement of every particle in a room, these assumptions would be able to predict the entirety of human history. But just as classical particle physics fails because that is not actually how reality works, the assumptions fail because they are just that, assumptions. And in our developed society where every individual human is becoming more and more important, these assumptions simply fail to predict anything. In this sense, the development of society is closely related to increasing the value of Planck's constant. If someone else is reading this and wondering what that means please don't hesitate to ask. I don't feel like taking up the space here to elaborate on it.
So how do we fix the problem of assumptions? Well, an easy answer is that we just get better assumptions. But that doesn't completely solve the problem because of the complexity problem mentioned above. Quantum mechanics is too complicated as is just trying to explain the motion of fundamental particles. Since we won't have any reasonable understanding of the brain any time soon, we can rule the possibility of "better assumptions" out.
That was the first half of this article. I have put forth an argument why we don't need assumptions anymore. But that does not mean we don't face the same problems that the major thinkers and philosophers did when using assumptions to construct ideal societies. We still need to construct the most ideal societies we can. But how can we without assumptions?
The answer is harder than it sounds. Basically we're creating a goal for humanity out of thin air. For example, every ethical issue is removed. Murder, racism, sexism, altruism, selfishness, genocide, etc. are all fair game. At least for a short while. Because there emerges a clue of what should actually be done.
What should be done depends on populace that "it" is being done on. For example, we could say that genocide of all left handed people is one of the things that should be done. But some people would have to agree on that for it to actually be considered. And these people would have to be powerful enough to implement it on those that do not agree with it (notice that this isn't too far from what actually happens in real life).
So we already have one limitation of what we should assign as humanity's goal. This limitation isn't based on any assumption, but rather on the idea that humans have choice, which is a scientific fact. From this limitation we can see logically that the most optimal goal for humanity would be the one that all of humanity can agree upon. But getting all of humanity to agree on anything is a somewhat impossible task. Can anyone name anything that all of humanity would agree upon? Even if we rule out people that are clinically "insane," it is still a formidable task. But this is expected since it was a logical solution that did not take into account human preference. In order to that, we must be rational.
The rational solution to this problem is basically an argument for utilitarianism. We realize that we cannot get humanity to agree on any one thing and so we choose the thing that most of humanity would agree upon. In other words, we see what decision has the maximum utility for all of humanity and choose it as humanity's goal. While this sounds nice, it can have disastrous consequences. Maximizing utility can end up leading to slavery or even genocide. One can make the point that since we've removed all notions of human nature, slavery and genocide are not inherently bad and so the rational solution works. But the problem arises because we can say slavery and/or genocide has a disproportionate impact on one group of people as opposed to another. So let's try to find a way out of it.
I personally think that the best solution to any problem is not the most logical solution nor the most rational one, but the most reasonable one. What separates rational from reasonable? On the surface, not so much. But let's use an example to demonstrate the difference. We have two people who we need to collect money from. One (A) makes over $10 million a year and the other (B) makes $25,000 a year. Let's say they both owe us $5,000. The rational and logical solution to this problem is that they both pay $5,000. Logic would show that the service they owe us for is the same and therefore they should pay the same amount. The rational point of view would show us that both parties willingly used our service and knew that it was $5,000 and so they should both pay $5,000. But $5,000 is 20% of B's income while being less than .1% of A's income. It is not unreasonable, therefore, for A to cover some of B's cost.
This is a very simple example that excludes a lot of external variables. The point in the end is clear, however, because the more reasonable solution to the above problem has a net efficiency much higher than both the rational and logical solutions. Applying this principle to humanity's ultimate goal, we end up getting rid of a lot of problems with the rational solution. The only thing left is to come up with possible solutions where this holds.
While there are many solutions, some of which are actually in practice today, I have one of my own. If we are supposed to come up with an ultimate goal for humanity without human intuitions, we can also come up with an ultimate goal for individuals. Therefore, we can advocate a certain goal for every individual to follow. For example, we can advocate the goal that every individual should not pollute the environment. This goal may seem sound, but it has its consequences. Not polluting will no doubt have a negative impact on a lot of people, one reason that a lot of people do pollute the environment. So we need a goal that has no negative impact on anyone. One solution to this would require everyone to have the same preferences, something which we want to avoid as it would remove any variety and every choice would be the same. We would be robots.
The other solution, my solution, would require that everyone be likable. In other words, universal likability. If everyone tried to be likable to everyone else, we would remove any negative impacts on anyone else, but we would still have choice. How? Well, this is the tricky part. While we can advocate that everyone be likable, there's no specific way this can be achieved. There are no rules to follow to be "likable." For example, being "likable" does not equate to being "nice" because nice people can still be very unlikable. Since we do not know the preferences of anybody else, we do not know what it takes to be likable towards them. The idea is that if everyone is attempting to be likable to everyone else, we do not need to figure out how to be likable. One could argue that the preference of being likable removes the choice to be unlikable. This is a legitimate argument, but the idea is that if everyone is attempting to be likable, this preference is, in a way, canceled out. As in, if everyone else was trying to be likable to everyone else, they would also be trying to be likable to me. This means that no matter what I do, I would still be likable. Therefore, I am always likable without choosing to be so, hence, universal likeability.
Now we are faced with the real problem: This is actually impossible. And there is no solution to this. But let's see what we can do with it. Let's take the case of one individual in his attempt to be universally likable. This is also impossible. It would require some reverse-Machiavellian actions that I cannot describe since I do not know what they are. But let's say he succeeded in this goal. What happens when this one person becomes universally likable? Well, he became likable out of self-interest. He preserved himself because he is universally likable. And through his likeability, he has managed to become quite powerful. In fact, he's more powerful than God.
Tuesday, October 6, 2009
In The Beginning. there was no beginning
It’s no secret that I’ve been a fan of science ever since I can remember. It has lead to so many advancements, so many inventions, and really opened our eyes to what reality actually is.
But it seems that nothing can ever be perfect. No matter how good anything may seem, there will always be problems. Ironically, the problem with science is that it’s too perfect. Every mystery has been uncovered. Except for one.
Now hold on there a second. That statement is at best misleading and at worst flat out incorrect. But this is precisely what I’m going to talk about. When I say every mystery has been uncovered, I mean that there is at least a scientific acknowledgement of it. Dark matter and dark energy may be things that we no next to nothing about, but we can at least acknowledge them. The same goes for anything that has yet to be discovered. Anything we observe will be placed in a scientific context, where it will wait to be tested theoretically and experimentally.
So I’m not saying that 21st century science has figured out all there is to know. I’m not saying that science has already advanced to the level of providing objective truth. I’m talking about the advancement of science as a field. And not just science has a whole through history, but the specific type of science that is practiced today. The science that must be experimentally or theoretically testable and be falsifiable. The science that is based on observation and not assumption. The science that created a system in which theories are created, shot down, revised, and shot down again.
Most people don’t understand that scientific understanding did not always work this way. Aristotle, a man considered the expert in nearly every field during his time, produced many ideas on physics, astronomy, and biology. But these ideas were nothing like the theories of science of today because they were full of assumptions that required the Earth and humans to be central to the universe for no reason whatsoever. This carried on until the Renaissance, during which it was decided that a more objective understanding of the universe is better than random assumptions. This goal for an objective understanding is the sole reason for the various technological and economic booms that followed. It vastly improved the fields of engineering and medicine and continues to find ways to improve them even further. Whenever there’s a problem, the world turns to science.
While this is seen by many to be a good thing, science cannot answer everything. Indeed, this is the mystery I am referring to. But let’s talk about what it can answer first. A lot of people think that science cannot answer questions of the subjective. Which song is better, Tangled Up in Blue or Through the Fire and the Flames? Which color is the best? Am I a good or bad person? What these people fail to realize is that science can easily answer these questions, but I’ve framed so that it seems like science cannot. It is true that science does not concern itself with subjective matters, but the rest of the world does not have to either. If specific, scientific definitions are provided for “better,” “best,” “good,” and “bad,” science can easily answer those questions within an objective framework. For example, if by “better” it is meant which song can garner a stronger emotional connection, science can answer this question by saying emotional connections such as these are determined by genes, which are different in every individual. Therefore, Tangled Up In Blue is better to people with this type of gene, and Through the Fire and Flames is better to people with this other type of gene (though it is more likely that a cascade of genes containing the potential for various environmental triggers is responsible for something as complex as an emotional response from a song). This is not to say the answer will be correct, just like the hypothesis that the energy distribution from an oscillating electron should be continuous was not correct (current theories show that this energy distribution is quantized).
But there is one question which science absolutely cannot answer. Let’s go back to the article where I talk about the illogical. If we look at that chart again, we can see that the natural sciences are the combined product of math (including logic) and natural observation. Therefore, anything truly illogical cannot be part of the scientific realm. This problem is avoided most of the time because we only concern ourselves with reality, where the illogical does not appear to exist. (Remember, anything that would appear to be illogical in reality can be put in a scientific framework and therefore cannot be illogical).
ASIDE: Concerning ourselves with the unreal would indeed cause quite a few problems but it is pointless and might even be impossible. How does one discuss anything that has no presence in reality? Fictional universes don’t count because they do exist if only fictionally. We cannot discuss the unreal because we make them real by virtue of having the discussion, assuming of course we are discussing this in reality, which we are because of the first part of this sentence.
But as mentioned at the end of the illogical article there is one specific thing that is both illogical and takes place in reality. What I’m referring to of course is the creation of the universe (which would also be the creation of time).
Let’s go backward on a journey that you all know too well. We age backwards. You live out your childhood in reverse. We go back to the time before you are born and then switch our perspective to showcase the entire Earth. Generations of humans go backwards, until we reach our point of speciation. This leads to a long evolutionary path, run backwards, simultaneously with every living creature on Earth. We reach the point of the last universal common ancestor until it too breaks apart into its constituent molecules, a DNA double helix, a long phospholipid, and other organic compounds. There is no life, but Earth is not silent. Storms, tidal waves, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes run in reverse, vastly changing the landscape of the Earth. We change our perspective to include the scope of the solar system, right at the moment the Earth breaks apart into dust and rocks, swirling in the reverse direction of what they originally did soon after the sun was formed. The sun then rips apart into its constituent molecules as we change our perspective to include the entire galaxy, where we follow these constituent molecules as they inhabit various generations of stars, some of which undergo a supernova in reverse. We follow them back until a large, energetic, bulge is the image of our galaxy, which is now a quasar. We change our perspective to the entire universe, observing quasar formation in reverse. It is not so long before we see the universe collapsing in on itself at a rate faster than the speed of light. During this time space is filled all sorts of exotic material with matter-antimatter collisions happening readily. The entire universe is soon incredibly dense and hot as the electromagnetic force and the weak nuclear force are forced to become one. Pretty soon the strong nuclear force is forced to join them in a holy trinity. Soon after gravity is included to create the fantastic fources and the universe is condensed to a single point.
And then the point exists.
We theorize that all of this happened. We have built up an enormous pile of evidence for all of these events taking place. But, we cannot go beyond the point.
But we can try! Still running time in reverse, we see the point expand, faster than the speed of light where all of the forces are separated again and take on the familiar roles we see them in today, or take on completely different roles entirely. These forces are able to rebuild the entire universe to produce what we see here today, or they produce something else entirely. Pretty soon, the universe seems endless in three dimensions or two dimensions of 5 dimensions of 2423 dimensions. Still running time in reverse, the universe again collapses in on itself until it is a single point, once again.
And then the point exists.
We theorize that all this may have happened, though we have strong doubts. There is minimal evidence for all of these events taking place. But we cannot go beyond the point.
But we can try again! Still running time in reverse, we see an infinite number of these cycles. The universe continues to expand and contract, in a simple harmony. We are in an oscillatory universe.
And then the oscillatory universe exists.
We do not theorize that this happened and have no evidence supporting it. Only arbitrary assumptions. This is no longer science. So let’s get back to the point.
The fundamental problem here, if it’s not already obvious, is time. We can continue to go further and further “back” in time until we reach the point. At this point, time was created. Therefore, going back further past the point creates a big problem. The article about illogicality showed that logic stems from causality. Logic is also a fundamental component of science. So science must also stem from causality. But causality stems from time, or rather, our perception of time. Everything has a cause and an effect. This view presents time as continuous and linear. Therefore, time must be infinite. But current scientific models show that time, in our universe, is finite, beginning at the creation of the universe. Furthermore, science never deals in infinities. So we have the problem of both understanding time and putting it in a scientific framework.
Time as continuous and linear. The future and past are absolute and extend to infinity.
Now there are several questions that arise. How can time be created? Creation implies something that consumes time. So how could something be created when time didn’t exist if time is essential for something to be created? Again, this is cause and effect. But without time, there can be neither.
But that might be a good thing. Creation, cause, and effect, all need time to occur, but they also need a starting point. There has to be an initial creation, or initial cause, for everything else to follow in the same manner. This can be seen when we went backwards in time. Humanity, the Earth, our galaxy, were all created by means of cause and effect. They all had a starting point for their creation which included a cascade of causes and effects. But their “creation” was from things that already existed. Therefore, it wasn’t really a starting point. The starting point is found only when we go all the way back and find the point. This point is the beginning of everything.
Time as linear and finite. There is a distinct beginning, or starting point, while the future extends to infinity. Both past and future are still absolute.
So we reach the problem of creation and causality at the point. Namely, how was the point created? If the point is the starting point, it has to be created. But here we reach quite possibly the greatest problem of all time. How can something be created from nothing? This problem would be irreconcilable in normal circumstances. But we are not in normal circumstances because we are at a point where time does not exist. We are in an illogical state of the universe. Since the idea that something cannot be created from nothing (the conservation law) is purely based on logic, it is irrelevant in this circumstance. Therefore, something can easily be created out of nothing.
And this is where the failure of science is apparent. In order to make sense of things, we have to conceit the starting point is illogical. Since science, which is based on logic, can explain everything but the illogical, we must accept the idea that science will never be able to explain the starting point or how time was created.
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The correct scientific model for the origin of time. It cannot be explained.
This allows us to conclude that science will never be able to explain the origin of the universe (if we definite it to also be the origin of time). To summarize:
1. Science is based on logic.
2. Logic is based on causality.
3. Causality is based on the nature of time.
4. Science cannot deal in infinities and current models of science show that time is finite, having a starting point at the creation of the universe. Therefore, if time was infinite, it could not be put in a scientific framework. We then assume time is finite.
5. If time is finite, it must have had a starting point.
6. Before the starting point, time did not exist. When there is no time, causality does not exist.
7. If causality does not exist, the conservation law is easily broken. In other words, when causality does not exist, something can be “created” from nothing. This allows time (and the rest of the universe) to be created.
8. If causality does not exist, logic does not exist.
9. If logic does not exist, it is illogical.
10. Science cannot explain the illogical.
11. Science can never explain the origin of time or the universe.
But everybody already knows that.
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